Biology-Topic-1


 Biology

 

Topic-1

 

1. What is the literal meaning of the word Biology ?- Study of Life

2. The study of plants is called – Botany

3. The study of animals is called – Zoology

4. What are the two constituents of Biology ?- Botany and Zoology

5. Who coined the term Biology ?- Lamarck and Treviranus

6. Who is known as the Father of Biology ?- Aristotle

7. Who is known as the Father of Zoology ?- Aristotle

8. Who is known as the Father of Botany ?- Theophrastus

9. What is respiration ?- Exchange of Oxygen and Carbon di Oxide

10. What is the two phases of Metabolism ?- Anabolism( Constructive Phase ) and Catabolism ( Destructive Phase)

11. What is the basic structural and the functional unit of life ?- Cell

12. The branch of science that studies cell is called ?- Cytology

13. Who coined the term Cell ?- Robert Hooke ( He discovered Cell Wall only).

14. Who discovered the first living cell ?- Leeuwenhoek

15. What are the two major classification of cells ?- Prokaryotics Cells and Eukaryotics Cell

16. What are the features of the Prokaryotic Cells ?

They are primitive cells.

They lack well defined nucleus and most other cell organelles.

17. What are the features of the Eukaryotic Cells ?

They have a well defined nucleus and membrane bound cell organelles.

They are present in the unicellular and multi-cellular plant and animal cells.

18. Which is the largest known cell (unfertilized ) ?– Ostrich Egg

19. What is the smallest known cell ?- PPLO ( Mycoplasma Gallisepticum)

20. Which cell is the longest animal cell ?- Human Nerve Cell

21. What is the name of the largest unicellular plant ?- Acetabularia

22. What is the name of the largest unicellular animal ?- Amoeba

23. Which one is the largest human cell ?- Female Ovum

24. Which one is the smallest human cell ?- Red Blood Cell

25. What is the name of the living fluid matter that is present inside the plasma membrane of the cell ?- Protoplasm ( Cytoplasm + Nucleoplasm )

26. Which fluid in the cell is present outside the nuclear membrane ?- Cytoplasm

27. Which fluid in the cell is present inside the nuclear membrane ?- Nucleoplasm

28. What is the non-living matter of the cell called?- Deutroplasm

29. Cell wall is present in --- Plants Cells ,  Bacteria , Fungi, Algae and some Archaea

30. Cell wall is composed of which matter ?- Cellulose in Plants and Chitin in Fungi

31. What is the Cell Membrane called ?- Plasmalemma

32. What is the composition of the Cell Membrane ?- Protein and Phospholipid molecules.

33. Which cell organelles is called the Power House of the Cell ?- Mitochondria

34. Plastids are found in which type of cells ?- Plant Cells

34. What are the various kinds of the Plastids ?-

Choloroplasts- Green

Leucoplasts- White

Chromoplasts- Various Colours except Green

36. Which plastid is called the Kitchen of the Cell ? – Chloroplast

37. Which pigment gives colour to the carrot ?- Carotene Pigment

38. What is the types of the Endoplasmic Reticulum found in the Cells ?-

Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum – For Protein Synthesis

Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum – For Synthesis of steroids and detoxification

39. Which one is the sac like flattened structure that play an important role in secretion, transportation and acrosome formation ?- Golgi Appratus

40. What is the composition of the Ribosomes ?- RNA (Ribonucleic Acid)+ Protein

41.  What is the main role of the Ribosomes ?- Synthesis of Protein

42. Which cell organelles is called the suicide bags of the Cell?- Lysosomes

43. What is Carcinogenesis ? – Conversion of the normal cell into the cancerous cell

44. Which cells organelles is composed of two set of centrioles and participate in the formation of the mitotic spindle during cell division ?- Centrosome

45. What is the main function of the Vacuoles of the Cell? – To store toxic metabolic waste and help in osmoregulation.

46. Who discovered nucleus of the Cell ?- Robert Brown

47. What is the composition of the Nucleus ?- Nucleoplasm, Nucleolus and Chromatin Material

48. What is the controlling center of the Cell ?- Chromatin

49. What is the thread like structure found in the nucleus ?- Chromosome

50. Bead like structure found on the Chromosome is called? –DNA

 

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