Biology
Topic-1
1. What is the literal meaning of the word Biology ?- Study of Life
2. The study of plants is called – Botany
3. The study of animals is called – Zoology
4. What are the two constituents of Biology ?- Botany and Zoology
5. Who coined the term Biology ?- Lamarck and Treviranus
6. Who is known as the Father of Biology ?- Aristotle
7. Who is known as the Father of Zoology ?- Aristotle
8. Who is known as the Father of Botany ?- Theophrastus
9. What is respiration ?- Exchange of Oxygen and Carbon di Oxide
10. What is the two phases of Metabolism ?- Anabolism( Constructive Phase ) and Catabolism ( Destructive Phase)
11. What is the basic structural and the functional unit of life ?- Cell
12. The branch of science that studies cell is called ?- Cytology
13. Who coined the term Cell ?- Robert Hooke ( He discovered Cell Wall only).
14. Who discovered the first living cell ?- Leeuwenhoek
15. What are the two major classification of cells ?- Prokaryotics Cells and Eukaryotics Cell
16. What are the features of the Prokaryotic Cells ?
They are primitive cells.
They lack well defined nucleus and most other cell organelles.
17. What are the features of the Eukaryotic Cells ?
They have a well defined nucleus and membrane bound cell organelles.
They are present in the unicellular and multi-cellular plant and animal cells.
18. Which is the largest known cell (unfertilized ) ?– Ostrich Egg
19. What is the smallest known cell ?- PPLO ( Mycoplasma Gallisepticum)
20. Which cell is the longest animal cell ?- Human Nerve Cell
21. What is the name of the largest unicellular plant ?- Acetabularia
22. What is the name of the largest unicellular animal ?- Amoeba
23. Which one is the largest human cell ?- Female Ovum
24. Which one is the smallest human cell ?- Red Blood Cell
25. What is the name of the living fluid matter that is present inside the plasma membrane of the cell ?- Protoplasm ( Cytoplasm + Nucleoplasm )
26. Which fluid in the cell is present outside the nuclear membrane ?- Cytoplasm
27. Which fluid in the cell is present inside the nuclear membrane ?- Nucleoplasm
28. What is the non-living matter of the cell called?- Deutroplasm
29. Cell wall is present in --- Plants Cells , Bacteria , Fungi, Algae and some Archaea
30. Cell wall is composed of which matter ?- Cellulose in Plants and Chitin in Fungi
31. What is the Cell Membrane called ?- Plasmalemma
32. What is the composition of the Cell Membrane ?- Protein and Phospholipid molecules.
33. Which cell organelles is called the Power House of the Cell ?- Mitochondria
34. Plastids are found in which type of cells ?- Plant Cells
34. What are the various kinds of the Plastids ?-
Choloroplasts- Green
Leucoplasts- White
Chromoplasts- Various Colours except Green
36. Which plastid is called the Kitchen of the Cell ? – Chloroplast
37. Which pigment gives colour to the carrot ?- Carotene Pigment
38. What is the types of the Endoplasmic Reticulum found in the Cells ?-
Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum – For Protein Synthesis
Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum – For Synthesis of steroids and detoxification
39. Which one is the sac like flattened structure that play an important role in secretion, transportation and acrosome formation ?- Golgi Appratus
40. What is the composition of the Ribosomes ?- RNA (Ribonucleic Acid)+ Protein
41. What is the main role of the Ribosomes ?- Synthesis of Protein
42. Which cell organelles is called the suicide bags of the Cell?- Lysosomes
43. What is Carcinogenesis ? – Conversion of the normal cell into the cancerous cell
44. Which cells organelles is composed of two set of centrioles and participate in the formation of the mitotic spindle during cell division ?- Centrosome
45. What is the main function of the Vacuoles of the Cell? – To store toxic metabolic waste and help in osmoregulation.
46. Who discovered nucleus of the Cell ?- Robert Brown
47. What is the composition of the Nucleus ?- Nucleoplasm, Nucleolus and Chromatin Material
48. What is the controlling center of the Cell ?- Chromatin
49. What is the thread like structure found in the nucleus ?- Chromosome
50. Bead like structure found on the Chromosome is called? –DNA