The law has been imposed by the Chines Government.
It will make changes in the Basic Law, the mini-constitution which defines ties between Hong Kong and Beijing (China’s capital).
Basic Law allows Hong Kong to enjoy executive, legislative and independent judicial power, including that of final adjudication, barring matters of defence and foreign affairs.
Under Article 23 of the Basic Law, Hong Kong has power to enact a national security law.
Article 23 aims at preserving national security but it will also allow China’s national security organs to formally operate and set up institutions in Hong Kong.
Basic law makes it clear that only Hong Kong’s Legislative Council (LegCo) can make and repeal laws.
Beijing wants LegCo to pass the new legislation as soon as possible because it is afraid that if LegCo comes under the control of democrats after elections later in 2020, it will be hard to implement the legislation.
Democrats are against this law as it curbs the autonomy of Hong Kong as SAR-Special Administrative Region.
However, Beijing can bypass LegCo if it chooses to and make the national security law applicable to Hong Kong by inserting this legislation in Annex III of the Basic Law.
Hong Kong was formerly a British colony and was handed over to mainland China in 1997, becoming one of its Special Administrative Regions (SAR).
It is governed by a mini-constitution called the Basic Law, which affirms the principle of “one country, two systems”.
The constitutional document is a product of the 1984 Sino-British Joint Declaration, under which China promised to honour Hong Kong’s liberal policies, system of governance, independent judiciary, and individual freedoms for a period of 50 years from 1997.
In 2014, over one lakh city residents took part in the Umbrella Revolution to protest against China’s denial of democratic reforms.
In 2019, the largest protest till now, took place against a proposed extradition law, and continued with pro-democracy marches even after the legislation was withdrawn.
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