Coriolis Force
The rotation of earth is responsible for the creation of the Coriolis force.
The force is named after Gaspard de Coriolis. He demonstrated the force in 1844.
The force affects the movement of air relative to the earth.
The force has its impact on every moving object, whether a bullet fired from the gun or an ocean current.
The force is explain with the help of the Ferrel’s Law.
Due to the Coriolis effect all winds/objects move towards their right in the northern hemisphere and towards their left in the southern hemisphere with respect to the rotating earth.
This movement of winds /objects is in the counter-clockwise in the northern hemisphere and clockwise in the southern hemisphere due to this force.
Since equator does not fall in any of the hemisphere , the Coriolis force has zero value at the equator.
The force has direct relation with the latitudes of the earth. This means when we move towards poles the force keeps on increasing .
Coriolis force acts at an angle of 900 to the horizontal direction of the wind
The force is directly proportional to horizontal wind speed.
Since vertical velocities are so small, due to this the Coriolis effect on them is negligible.
Vertical velocity is a special case of velocity only because the acceleration due to gravity acts in the vertical direction. This means that any motion in the vertical direction will be affected by the acceleration due to gravity. ... Any velocity below this velocity will end up falling back to the earth.
With the increase in the pressure gradient force, the velocity of wind increases, and this leads to the more deflection in the direction of the wind.
Pressure Gradient Force
Pressure Gradient Force is created due to the difference in the atmospheric pressure, and it is directed from the high pressure to the low pressure.
Ferrel’s Law
Because of the rotation of earth all winds/objects are deflected to their right in the northern hemisphere and to their left in the southern hemisphere with respect to the rotation of the earth.
This phenomenon of deflection of winds/objects in a particular direction in the particular hemisphere due to the rotation of the is known as Ferrel's law.
The phenomenon was first proved by an American meteorologist named William Ferrel.
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